历年真题：2019天津卷高考英语试题及答案
2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语
本试卷分为第 I 卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共 130 分，考试用时 100 分钟。第 l 卷 1 至 10 页，第Ⅱ卷 11 至 12 页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试
用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！
第 I 卷
注意事项：
1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号
2. 本卷共 55 小题，共 95 分。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节；单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
从 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例： Stand over there _____________ you'll be able to see it better.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
答案是 B 。
1.---I guess you want to go play tennis.
---__________. That's exactly what I was thinking too.
A. I didn't get it B. It's up to you
C. You never know D. You read my mind
2. I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage ， but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope
3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those C. these D. them
4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
5.___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A. According to B. Instead of C. In addition to D. In spite of
6.---My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!
----Wow, ___________! What's he going to study?
A. good for him B. go for it
C. what a coincidence D. all the best
7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given
9. Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off
10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to help them succeed academically and personally.
A. designed B. designing C. to design D. being designed
11. Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
12. The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.
A. since B. once C. unless D. after
14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
15. A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.
A. properly B. widely C. originally D. temporarily
第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16~35 各题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night ， when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus ， which was now speeding in the dark to some 16 station.
The 17 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 18 of that little wallet ？ The credit cards ， the driver's license ， the cash ， all lost to the bus.
Two hours later ， back at my house ， I heard a knock on the door. My husband 19 it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here ？ " I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet ， with not a penny 20 . She left before I could 21 make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online ， I heard from someone ， who 22 the lady as Erin Smith. Without 23 ， I called to thank her. She said she 24 my wallet on a bus seat. She 25 that going to a stranger's house was a 26 move ， but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that 27 . I would want someone to try to find me ， " she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 28 ， but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin 29 my wallet on the bus ， she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum （论坛）， trying to see 30 anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never 31 words with those moms beyond small tall ， but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever ， but that's not how the people I 32 tend to act.
33 ,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone 34 what almost anyone would have done ， finding my house on a bitterly cold night ， and for that I was extremely 35 .
16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient
17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping
18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients
19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted
20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned
21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even
22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined
23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation
24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted
25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended
26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal
27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere
28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure
29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of
30. A. if B. where C. how D. when
31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered
32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany
33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back ？ D. Coming along
34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond
35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful
第二部分：阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2. 5 分，满分 50 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 国个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton fiddle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting ， engaging ， and fun ！
This Year's Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people ， technology means computers ， hand-held devices ， or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However ， technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem ， touching lives in countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories ：
·Performance
·Documentary （纪实作品）
·Essay Writing
Category Requirements
Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used ， they should truly represent a given period.
Documentary: A visual presentation （ such as a video ， slide show ， or computer project ） no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer ， screen ， projector ， and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday ， March 23.
Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2 ， 000 to 2 ， 500 words. No illustrations （图解） are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.
Important Dates
January 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay ， performance script （剧本）， or documentary highlights.
February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.
March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.
March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview
March 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7 ： 00A. M-9 ： 00A. M Participants signing in at the gym
10 ： 00A. M. -6 ： 00PM. Competition and judges' review
7 ： 00P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic
36. According to Paragraph 1 ， what is the major goal of understanding history ？（ ）
A. To preserve national traditions.
B. To prepare for a history competition.
C. To better know the present and future.
D. To further explore historical mysteries.
37. What is the theme of this year's competition ？（ ）
A. Technology advances science.
B. Science interacts with technology.
C. Science has made the study of history easy.
D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.
38. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are__________.
A. special clothes and a screen
B. a desktop computer and a CD
C. a projector and special clothes
D. a desktop computer and loudspeakers
39. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement? （ ）
A. Include more information in the essay.
B. Remove the references.
C. Provide a cover for the essay.
D. Explain the details with illustrations.
40. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19? （ ）
A. Preview performances and documentaries.
B. Make comments on the materials.
C. Improve the participant's first draft.
D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.
B
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands ？（ ）
A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.
B. She was anxious to know what had happened.
C. She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D. She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
42. According to Paragraph 3 ， the author's reading of road signs indicates___________
A. her unique way to locate herself
B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules
D. her growing desire to know the world around her.
43. What was the author's view on factual reading ？（ ）
A. It would help her update test-taking skills.
B. It would allow much room for free thinking.
C. It would provide true and objective information.
D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.
A. explore a fantasy land
B. develop a passion for leaning
C. learn about the adult community
D. get away from a confusing world
45. What could be the best title for the passage ？（ ）
A. The Magic of Reading
B. The Pleasure of Reading
C. Growing Up with Reading
D. Reading Makes a Full Man
C
How does an ecosystem （生态系统） work ？ What makes the populations of different species the way they are ？ Why are there so many flies and so few wolves ？ To find an answer ， scientists have built mathematical models of food webs ， noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models ， scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs ， for instance ， consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator （掠食动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the two species are strongly linked ； when a predator lives on various species ， they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species ， it can survive the extinction （灭绝） of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare ， the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable ， where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s ， scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean ， we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale ， while on land ， we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally ， the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key ， scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point （临界点）， it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs ？（ ）
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline ？（ ）
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4 ？（ ）
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance ？（ ）
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
D
Would you BET on the future of this man ？ He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning ， and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives ， he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes ， and the book was Don Quixote （《堂吉诃德》） . And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days ， while others go to seed long before ？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us ， in fact ， progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But ， if we are willing to lean ， the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please ， some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm ， we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However ， we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos （自我）， whether to loved ones ， to fellow humans ， to work ， or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate （视 …… 等同于） “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck ， or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean ？（ ）
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4 ？（ ）
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5 ？（ ）
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage ？（ ）
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
第Ⅱ卷
注意事项：
1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。
2. 本卷共 6 小题，共 35 分。
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Haze Mabry ， who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years ， walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans ， wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday ， after he arrived at the school ， instead of finding garbage to clean up ， he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards ， blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway ， some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children ， "Mabry said.
On a regular day ， students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school ， but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith ， who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria ， and Lucy ， who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag （夸耀） on himself ， but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is ， he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him ， he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building ， "said Lori Gilreath ， a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students ， cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday ， so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend ， he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze ， you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper ？（ no more than 5 words ）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday ？（ no more than 15 words ）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean ？（ 1 word ）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important ？（ no more than 10 words ）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life ？ Please explain. （ no more than 20 words ）
第二节：书面表达（满分 25 分）
假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师 Chris 将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给 Chris 写一封电子邮件 :
（ 1 ）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；
（ 2 ）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
（ 3 ）希望从中有何收获。
注意：
（ 1 ）词数不少于 100 ：
（ 2 ）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（ 3 ）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。
Dear Chris ，
I'm Li Jim ， a student at Chenguang High School.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 此处不能答题 __________________________________________________________
Thank you for your time.
Yours ，
Li Jin
答案解析
第一部分：英语知识运用
第一节：单项填空
1. D 【解析：根据答语“ That's exactly what I was thinking too. ”可知，答话人的心思被猜中了，因此应选择 D “ You read my mind ”，意为“你读懂了我的心思”。】
2. A 【解析：句意为“我希望送 Peter 一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但是我没送成。”根据 but 后的“ couldn't manage ”的时态可知，空格处应填写过去完成时态。故选 A 。】
3. B 【解析：句意为“一项研究表明参与课后活动的学生比那些没有参与的学生更快乐”。空格处后面的定语从句“ who are not ”省略了“ engaged in after-school activities ”，修饰空格处所填词， 表示“那些没有参与课后活动的学生”，故此处应填“ those ”。故选 B 。】
4. C 【解析：句意为“批判性思考是一项孩子们在未来将会需要的技能”，空格处应填写动名词作主语。故选 C 。】
5. D 【解析：句意为“尽管存在各种问题，有几个演奏者还是呈现了极好的表演”。选项 A 意为“根据，按照，取决于”，选项 B 意为“代替”，选项 C 意为“除……之外”，选项 D 意为“尽管，虽然，不管”。根据句意可知，应选 D 。】
6. A 【解析：句意为“——我儿子得到了去他梦想的大学的全额奖学金！——干得漂亮！他打算学什么（专业）？” A 选项意为“做得好，干得漂亮”， B 选项意为“努力争取，加油”， C 选项意为“真巧”， D 选项意为“一切顺利，万事如意”。根据句意可知，应选 A 。】
7. B 【解析：句意为“我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响”。 A 选项意为“陈述”， B 选项意为“巨大影响”， C 选项意为“印象，效果”， D 选项意为“意见，判断力”。根据句意可知，应选 B 。】
8. C 【解析： as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应根据 as well as 前面的那个主语来确定，本题中，应根据“ Amy ”来确定，故应用单数第三人称。故排除 B 、 D 选项。又根据“ last week ”可知，应使用一般过去时。故选 C 。】
9. C 【解析：句意为“ Kate 听到背景音中有一个男声，但是她无法辨认出他在说什么”。 A 选项意为“把……搁置一旁”， B 选项意为“取回，拿回”， C 选项意为“理解，辨认出”， D 选项意为“让开，不接近”。根据句意可知，应选 C 。】
10. A 【解析： course 和 design 构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词 designed 表示被动意义。故选 A 。】
11. B 【解析：空格处引导定语从句修饰“ stage ”，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用 where 。故选 B 。】
12. A 【解析： on no account 意为“无论如何都不；在任何情况下都不；绝不”，为否定意义的短语，放在句首，句子要使用部分倒装，故排除 B 、 D 选项。句意为“教授警告学生们在他的课堂上绝不应该使用手机”。故选 A 。】
13. C 【解析：句意为“ Tom 如此独立以至于如果他不想要父母的支持，他从不问他们的想法”。本题考查连词的用法， unless 意为“如果不，除非”，符合句意。故选 C 。】
14. D 【解析：后半句意为“否则他们本该用一半的时间完成这项任务”，空格处应使用虚拟语气 would have done ，表示“本可以……，本应该……”，但事实上并没有这么做。故选 D 。】
15. A 【解析： A 选项意为“适当地，正确地”， B 选项意为“广泛地”， C 选项意为“起初，最初”， D 选项意为“临时地”。此处表示“应该先正确地建立一条狗的进食习惯，再对它进行有规律的训练”，应选 A 。】
第二节：完形填空
16. C 【解析：根据语境可知，作者把钱包遗忘在了公交车上，公交车应该是驶向作者未知的某一站。 C 选项意为“未知的，陌生的”，符合题意。故选 C 。】
17. D 【解析：根据语境可知，作者在心里盘算了想要补钱包里丢失的东西需要花费多少代价， D 选项意为“令人心悸的，紧张的”，符合语境。故选 D 。】
18. B 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指替换钱包里的所含之物。 B 选项意为“内容，所含之物”，符合语境。故选 B 。】
19. B 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者的丈夫去应门。 B 选项意为“回答，应答”，符合语境。故选 B 。】
20. A 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指钱包里一分钱都没少。 A 选项意为“丢失的，缺少的”，符合语境。故选 A 。】
21. D 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者甚至还没来得及去门前跟那个人表达谢意，她就离开了。 D 选项意为“甚至”，符合语境。故选 D 。】
22. C 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者把这段故事分享在了网上，有人认出了这位送来钱包的女士。 C 选项意为“辨认出，识别”，符合语境。故选 C 。】
23. A 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者知道了那位女士的身份后，没有迟疑就给她打电话表示感谢。 A 选项意为“延期；耽搁；被耽搁或推迟的时间”，符合语境。故选 A 。】
24. D 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指那位女士在公交车的座位上发现了作者的钱包。 D 选项意为“看到，发现，认出”，符合语境。故选 D 。】
25. C 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指她预料到去陌生人的住处是一个危险之举。 C 选项意为“估计，推测，预料”，符合语境。故选 C 。】
26. B 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指她预料到去陌生人的住处是一个危险之举。 B 选项意为“危险的，冒险的”，符合语境。故选 B 。】
27. C 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指那位女士说“如果我处在那样的情形下，我会希望有人试图找到我”。 C 选项意为“情况，处境，位置”，符合语境。故选 C 。】
28. A 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指这位陌生人极好地应对了作者的这次危机。 A 选项意为“危机”，符合语境。故选 A 。】
29. D 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指 Erin 在公交车上占有了作者的钱包后，把作者驾照的照片发到了一个论坛上。 D 选项意为“拥有，占有”，符合语境。故选 D 。】
30. A 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指此处指 Erin 在公交车上占有了作者的钱包后，把作者驾照的照片发到了一个论坛上，想要看看是否有人认识作者。故选 A 。】
31. B 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指除了闲聊之外，作者从未与那些妈妈们有过交谈。 exchange words 意为“交谈，交流”，符合语境。故选 B 。】
32. A 【解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者遇到的人表现得都很热心，不像作者读到的那样各顾各的。 A 选项意为“遭遇，邂逅；遇到”，符合语境。故选 A 。】
33. C 【解析：此处指回顾整件事情，作者感到很幸运，因为有人愿意帮助陌生人。 C 选项意为“回顾，回头看”，符合语境。故选 C 。】
34. D 【解析：此处指 Erin 在一个寒冷的夜晚找到作者的住所，把钱包还给作者这件事，她做得比任何人本该做的事情更多。 D 选项意为“超过，越过”，符合语境。故选 D 。】
35. D 【解析：此处指 Erin 在一个寒冷的夜晚找到作者的住所，把钱包还给作者这件事，她做得比任何人本该做的事情更多，作者因为这个非常地感激。 D 选项意为“感谢的”，符合语境。故选 D 。】
第二部分：阅读理解
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇宣传，介绍了历史比赛的目的、主题、方式和时间等内容。
36.C 【解析：根据第一段可知，本次比赛的主要目的是“ understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation ”， C 选项“更好地了解现在和将来”符合题意。故选 C 。】
37.D 【解析：根据第四段第一句中“ how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history ”可知，应选 D 。】
38. D 【解析：根据“ Documentary ”部分第二句可知，应选 D 。】
39. A 【解析：根据“ Essay Writing ”部分第一句可知，要求学术论文的字数在 2000 至 2500 之间。题中说已经完成了 1500 字，显然不满足要求，需要在文章中再增加更多的信息以满足字数要求。故选 A 。】
40. B 【解析：根据“ February 19 ”后第一句中的“ evaluate materials and give opinions ”可知，应选 B 。】
B
【文章大意】本文讲述了作者从小到大与阅读结下的不解之缘以及随着年龄的增长，作者对阅读的认识的变化。
41. B 【解析：根据第二段第一句“ I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. ”可知，作者想夺下妈妈手中的报纸是因为她好奇发生了什么。故选 B 。】
42. D 【解析：根据第三段倒数第二句“ My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. ”可知，作者阅读路牌表明作者想要了解她周围的世界的这种渴望越来越强烈。故选 D 。】
43. C 【解析：根据第四段最后一句“ I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. ”可知，作者认为事件性阅读得到的是事实，事物都很具体。 C 选项“事件性阅读会提供真实客观的信息”符合作者的观点。故选 C 。】
44. D 【解析：根据第五段第一句“ Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. ”可知，作者把阅读小说当成一种远离让她困惑的世界的一种方式。故选 D 。】
45. C 【解析：本文讲述了作者从小到大与阅读结下的不解之缘以及随着年龄的增长，作者对阅读的认识的变化。 C 选项“阅读伴随我成长”能概括文章大意，适合作标题。故选 C 。】
C
【文章大意】本文介绍了科学家们用数学模型建造的食物链网以及基于这些数学模型建造的预警系统。
46. B 【解析：根据第二段第一句“ With such models ， scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. ”可知，应选 B 。】
47. C 【解析：根据第二段第三句“ When a predator （掠食动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the two species are strongly linked ”可知，当一种掠食动物总是吃掉数量庞大的单一种类的猎物时，这两种物种有较强关联；结合下文可知，有较弱关联的两个物种，掠食动物有广泛的食物选择、容易找到新的猎物、可以快速地迁移到另一地点，故排除 A 、 B 和 D 。故选 C 。】
48. D 【解析：根据第三段第二句“ In the 1960s ， scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack. ”可知，若一个食物链网顶层的掠食动物大规模减少，其他种族的数量将会经历意想不到的改变。故选 D 。】
49. A 【解析：通读第四段可知，不受控制的人类活动将会极大地扰乱生态系统。故选 A 。】
50. D 【解析：根据最后一段第二句“ Ideally ， the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. ”可知，预警系统是通过发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号来帮助我们维护生态平衡。故选 D 。】
D
【文章大意】本文以《堂吉诃德》的作者塞万提斯的故事开篇，告诉读者如何过有意义的生活。
51. B 【解析：根据第二段最后一句“ And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days ， while others go to seed long before ？ ”可知，作者用塞万提斯的故事开头，是为了说明年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选 B 。】
52. D 【解析：根据第三段最后一句可知，划线部分指的就是 people who have stopped learning on growing ，划线词组在此处意为“失去继续学习的兴趣”。故选 D 。】
53. C 【解析：根据第四段中的“ Nothing surprises us. ”和“ if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere ”并结合全段可知， C 选项“机会总是青睐有好奇心的人”符合题意。故选 C 。】
54. D 【解析：通读第五段可知，作者试图告诉我们“一个人应该学习用适当的方式去对付生活”。故选 D 。】
55. A 【解析：本文以《堂吉诃德》的作者塞万提斯的故事开篇，告诉读者如何过有意义的生活。故选 A 。】
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达
Some possible answers ：
56. Cleaning the （ school ） building.
Or: Doing （ the ） cleaning.
Or: He cleans the （ school ） building.
Or: He does （ the ） cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways ， blowing noisemakers ， singing a song ， handing him cards ， and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with （ handmade ） cards ， blowing noisemakers ， singing a song ， and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways ， blew noisemakers ， sang a song ， handed him cards ， and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with （ handmade ） cards ， blew noisemakers ， sang a song ， and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （ Because ） he loves/cares about （ the ） students and works hard.
Or: （ Because ） he loves （ the ） students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （ Because ） he is kind/caring/helpful to the students ， and hard-working.
Or: （ Because ） he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （ Because ） he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （ Because ） he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （ Because ） he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
第二节：书面表达
【写作指导】
本篇书面表达要求考生写一封电子邮件，为半开放式作文。可分为三部分来写。第一部分写话题 + 论点（得知什么消息 + 写电子邮件什么意图），第二部分写具体内容（介绍你喜欢的讲座话题，选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容等），第三部分写总结和希望（希望从中有何收获等）。写作时，要注意结构的层次性、交际的得体性和语言的准确性。为使行文连贯、紧凑，考生可恰当使用一些过渡词，以提高作文的得分档次。